Dispense with redundant P values

BIOEQUIVALENCE: COMPARISON OF AVERAGE VALUES WITH GENERALIZED p -VALUES

The aim of bioequivalence studies is the evaluation of bioequivalence of pharmaceutical products. The products are usually two and basic pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC, C max and t max are used. These studies aim at investigating the “closeness” of the distributions of the pharmacokinetic parameters (responses) for the two products, which is made mainly by comparing the average values o...

Can We Already Dispense with the Father?

Conformon-P Systems with Negative Values

Some initial results on the study of conformon-P systems with negative values are reported. One model of these conformon-P systems is proved to be computationally universal while another is proved to be at least as powerful as partially blind program machines.

P-values for classification

Let (X,Y ) be a random variable consisting of an observed feature vector X ∈ X and an unobserved class label Y ∈ {1, 2, . . . , L} with unknown joint distribution. In addition, let D be a training data set consisting of n completely observed independent copies of (X,Y ). Usual classification procedures provide point predictors (classifiers) Ŷ (X,D) of Y or estimate the conditional distribution ...

Understanding posterior p-values

Posterior predictive p-values do not in general have uniform distributions under the null hypothesis (except in the special case of pivotal test statistics) but instead tend to have distributions more concentrated near 0.5. From different perspectives, such nonuniform distributions have been portrayed as desirable (as reflecting an ability of vague prior distributions to nonetheless yield accur...